RigPix Database - Other useful info

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Coax data
A better picture
CB / Freeband channel grid
Cordless phones
License-free QRG:s
Meteor showers
EME path loss
NOAA WX channels
Shortwave BC bands
The SINPO report
Scanning tips
Various PLL circuits
Coax connectors
dBm/dbu/dBµV/Pwr W/Pwr dBW/RMS/V p-p table
Return loss and VSWR cross reference

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Last modified 2024-09-07

In this area, you will find info on frequencies, hints, tips and other hopefully interesting stuff.

Coax data

Loss is in dB/100 m. For example, 100 meters of H-2000 Flex will attenuate a 144 MHz signal with 4.8 dB.
Diameter and bending radius is given in millimeters.

Type	Outer diam.	Bending radius	Imp.	Vel.	Kg/100m	pF/m	10	14	28	30	50	100	144	200	300	400	435	450	500	800	900	1000	1296	1500	1700	1800	2300	2400	3000	5000	5800	6000	6600	10000	24800
Aircell 5	5.0	25	50	0.82	3.6	82	2.93				6.61	9.4	11.33	13.41	16.53		20.3		21.57	27.62		31.09	35.71	38.63		42.63		49.87	56.39	75.05				112.0
Aircell 7	7.3	25	50	0.83	7.2	74	2.2	3.4	3.7		4.52	6.28	7.6	9.04	11.2		13.8		14.72	19.0		21.52	24.84	27.08		30.0		35.6	40.88	57.04		64.9
Aircom Plus	10.8	55	50	0.85	15.0	84	0.9					3.3	4.5				8.2						14.5					23.0
Aircom Premium FRNC	10.2	81	50	0.85	10.8	78	1.05				2.09	3.42	3.9	4.51	5.7		7.35		8.08	10.55		11.88		14.28		16.16		19.0	21.85	29.45		33.25		57.0
Andrew C2FP	10.16	25.4	50	0.85	13.0	78.4				2.5	3.2		4.9	5.8				8.8			12.7			16.7		18.4		21.5	25
Andrew LDF2-50 3/8"	11.17	41	50	0.88	12.0	75	1.05			1.84	2.4	3.42	4.15	4.9	6.06	7.05		7.51	7.95	10.2	10.9	11.55	13.1	14.44		16	18.4		21.4	28.8
Benelec/Habia Speedfoam 300	4.95	50	50	0.83	3.5	80						10.1										28
Benelec/Habia Speedfoam 400	6.1	60	50	0.84	5.9	79						8.5										21
Benelec/Habia Speedfoam 500	7.62	75	50	0.85	9.4	79						6.5										15
Benelec/Habia Speedfoam 700	10.3	100	50	0.84	9.4	79						4										12
Benelec/Habia Speedfoam 900	12.7	130	50	0.85	15	79						3										11
Cellflex LCF 12-50	16.2	70	50		22		0.67			1.17		2.16		3.1	3.8			4.7			6.8			9		9.9	11.4		13.2
Cellflex LCF 58-50	21.4	90	50		37		0.5			0.88		1.64		2.35	2.91			3.6			5.3			7		7.8	9		10.5
Cellflex LCF 78-50	28	120	50		53		0.35			0.62		1.15		1.66	2.07			2.58			3.8			5.1		5.7	6.6		7.7
Cellflex LCF 114-50	39.4	200	50		105		0.28			0.49		0.93		1.35	1.7			2.14			3.2			4.4		4.9	5.7		6.8
Cellflex LCF 158-50	51	300	50		153		0.21			0.37		0.7		1.03	1.3			1.65			2.51			3.5		3.9	4.6		5.2
Cellflex SCF 14-50	7.8	25	50		7		1.81			3.2		5.8		8.3	10.3			12.7			18.4			24.3		26.9	31		36
Cellflex SCF 38-50	10.2	25	50		12		1.31			2.29		4.2		6	7.5			9.2			13.3			17.6		19.4	22.3		25.9
Cellflex SCF 12-50	13.7	32	50		21		1.03			1.8		3.3		4.8	5.9			7.3			10.6			14		15.5	17.8		20.7
CFD-400	10.3	25.4	50	0.85	10	78.5				2.3	2.9		4.8					8.8			12.8			16.7				21.9		34
Ecoflex 10	10.2	40	50	0.85	13.1	77	1.2				2.8	4	4.9	5.8	7.3		9		9.6	12.5		14.2	16.5	17.9		19.9		23.6	27	37		41.5
Ecoflex 15	14.6	70	50	0.86	25.8	77	0.86				1.96	2.81	3.4	4.05	5		6.2		6.7	8.6		9.8	11.4	12.4		13.8		16.3	18.7	25.7		28.8
Ecoflex 15 Plus	14.6	70	50	0.86	20	77	0.83				1.87	2.67	3.23	3.83	4.75		5.9		6.2	8.0		9.1	10.5	11.4		12.6		14.9	16.9	22.9
H-43	9.8	100	75	0.85	9.1	52	1.2				2.5	3.7					8.0						14.3					23.7
H-100	9.8		50	0.84		80						4.5
H-155	5.4	35	50	0.81	3.8	82	3.0	3.4	4.9		6.5	9.3	11.2		16.3	19.0	19.9	20.3	21.5	26.5	29.8	30.9	34.9			42.5		46.9	51.6		73.8
H-500	9.8	75	50	0.81	13.5	82	1.3				2.9	4.1					9.3						16.8					24.5
H-1000	10.3	75	50	0.83	14.0	80		1.4	2.0		2.7	3.9	4.8				8.5						15.7					23.0
H-2000 Flex	10.3	50	50	0.83	14.0	80	1.2	1.4	2.0		2.7	3.9	4.8		7	8.2	8.5			11.9	12.8	13.5	15.7			18.8	21.8	23.0		34.8				54
HDF-200	5		50							5.8			13					22.8						42.3				55.4
HDF-400	10.3		50							2.2			5					8.9						16.8				22
Type	Outer diam.	Bending radius	Imp.	Vel.	Kg/100m	pF/m	10	14	28	30	50	100	144	200	300	400	435	450	500	800	900	1000	1296	1500	1700	1800	2300	2400	3000	5000	5800	6000	6600	10000	24800
Huber-Suhner Multiflex 141	4.14	10	50	0.71	4.5	95																			53				75	97			114		255
Huber-Suhner S 10162 B-11	12.9	200	50	0.87	15	77										6				8		9.5		12			15		18	25.3	27.5	28
LMR-400	10.3	25.4	50	0.85	10	78.4				2.2	2.9		4.9	6				8.9			12.8			16.8		18.6		22		33
LMR-600	15	38.1	50	0.87	20	76.6				1.4	1.8		3.1	3.8				5.6			8.2			10.9		12.1		14.3		21.5
LMR-900	22.1	76.2	50	0.87	40	76.6				0.9	1.2		2.1	2.5				3.8			5.6			7.4		8.2		9.5			16
LMR-1200	30.48	165.1	50	0.88	67	75.8				0.7	0.9		1.5	1.8				2.8			4.2			5.5		6.1		7.2
Micro-Coax UT-141-Form	3.6	9.5	50	0.70	4.17	95.1													28			41												159
M17/128-RG400	4.95	25	50	0.69	6.4	105					10.5	14.8				34.4						55.8							124.7					256
RG-8X (9258)	6.15	61	50	0.82	5.4	81.4	2.95				6.89	10.17		14.76		21.65					35.1	36.74
RG-11	10.3	50	75	0.66	13.9	67					4.6	6.9					18.0						30.0
RG-58 M17/028 (Bedea)	4.95	25	50	0.66	3.6	101	4.5				9.9	15.2		21.6					34.3			53.7							107.5
RG-58 M17/28, 1084 (Bedea)	4.95	25	50	0.66	3.6	101	4.5				9.9	15.2		21.6					34.3			53.7							107.5
RG-58/AU	4.95	25.4	50	0.66		97.8	5.0				12	18		27		41					69	75
RG-58/CU	5.0	30	50	0.66	4.0	101		6.2	8.0		11.0	15.6	17.8				33.0		36.1	44.1	49.6		65.0					100.0
RG-58/LL	4.95	25.4	50	0.66		97.8						12.2				24.6						42.7				59.1
RG-58/U	4.95	25.4	50	0.66		97.8	3.9				8.9	13.1		19.0		27.9					51.3	67.3
RG-59	6.15	30	75	0.66	5.7	67						12.0					25.0						33.6
RG-142B/U	4.95	30	50	0.69	6.4	95						12.8			24				33		43		53	58		65		77	88	120	133	136
RG-174U	2.8	15	50	0.66		101						30.9
RG-188	2.7	6	50	0.7		96					15.8	27.4		36.1		54.9					77.5	87.9
RG-213U	10.3	110	50	0.66	15.5	101	2.2		3.1		4.4	6.2	7.9				15.0						27.5					47.0
RG-214U	10.8	50	50	0.66		100	2			3.7	4.8	7	8.5	10.2	12.9	15	16		17	23	12.6	28	31	33.8		38		45.8
RG-217U	13.8		50	0.66		97	1.4				3.3	4.6		7		10.3						19.3							43
RG-223	5.4	25	50	0.66	6.0	101		6.1	7.9		11.0	15.0	17.6
RG-316/U	2.5	30	50	0.7	1.5	94						26.7		37.9	46.6	57.4			60.5	76.9	81.7	86.3		106.4		117	132.9	135.9
RG-393/U	9.91	99.1	50	?	24	96	1.97					6.9										24.6								68.9				114.8
Smarteq LL58	4.95	25	50									15.7		22.8		33.1						54.8							104.6			168.5
Suhner S 12272-04	15	150	50	0.82	19.1	82	1.0				2.0	3.0	3.5	4.0	5.0	6.0	6.6	6.8	7.0	9.0	10	11				15		19	22
Suhner Sucofeed 1/2"	16	70	50	0.88	25	76						2.3	2.7				4.8						7.8					12	14
Suhner Sucofeed 7/8"	27.8	120	50	0.87	59.8	76.5						1.3	1.5				2.8						4.8					6.9	8.0
Suhner Sucofeed 1-1/4"	39.5	200	50	0.87	94	78						0.85	1.1				1.9						3.5					5.0	5.8
Suhner Sucofeed 1-5/8"	50	300	50	0.87	145	77.5						0.7	0.8				1.6						3.0					4.3	5.1
Suhner Sucoform 141 (RG402)	3.58	40	50	0.71	4	92	3.6				8.1	11.6	14.4	16.7	20.6			25.6	27.1	35	37.3	39.5		49.5					73.5	99.4		111		152.3
Telegärtner Low Loss 240 Flex	5.4	54	50	0.80	37	84					6.8	9.7		13.9		19.8				28	30	32		39		43	49		56	72		79

How to take a better picture

First a disclaimer: I am NOT a professional photographer, and I do not claim to be a hot-shot amateur ditto either, but....

...after seeing hundreds of rig-shots taken by various people, I must say that a brief "how-to" is apropriate here. Quite a lot of pictures are taken point blank, with a flash! Hmm. Imagine that radio's reflective, shiny front panel with a flash, in a straight angle right into it. I'm sorry, but this does NOT make a good picture. If a flash is arranged in this way, you will only end up with a bright over-exposed spot in the middle.

When I want to take a picture, I arrange the radio on a dark surface, facing a window (at a slight angle) during a fairly sunny day, thus NOT using a flash at all. With this arrangement and some experimentation, I can get a smooth, even illumination of the radio. Then I power it up to light up any display, LED or lamp. The picture is then taken from a slightly elevated angle to give the picture some degree of perspective. It certainly helps if you use a manual camera where you are in control of exposure timing and aperture settings. Use a small aperture and longer exposure. Use a stand to avoid fuzzy pictures. If your camera has a zoom lens, it's best to back away from the target and zoom it instead to minimize picture distortion. It may take some experimentation but the result is definitely worth the effort.

CB / "Freeband" / Export channel grid

NB! Many of the columns in this grid are illegal for CB use in just about every country in the world (with a couple of exceptions).
Column D is legal, widespread and also license free in many countries. The UK allows both column D and the unique CB27/81.
Germany also has its own 40 channel allocation plus the regular 40 in column D. Brazil allows 80 channels as in column D and E.

The A or "Alpha" channels in column D are normally NOT allowed for communication as they are reserved for R/C models and baby monitors.
There was however a historic exception in the scandinavian countries where channel 11A was used for emergency and distress calls.

All channels between 28.000-29.700 MHz belong to the 10 m amateur radio band. Do NOT transmit there without a valid amateur radio license.

Channel	M	L	K	A	B	C	D CEPT/EU/US	E	F	G	H	I	J	UK CB27/81	Poland	Germany	Germany Old 12 AM	New Zealand	Australia Old 18 ch	Japan
1	24.265	24.715	25.165	25.615	26.065	26.515	26.965	27.415	27.865	28.315	28.765	29.215	29.665	27.60125	26.960	26.565		26.330	27.015	26.968
2	24.275	24.725	25.175	25.625	26.075	26.525	26.975	27.425	27.875	28.325	28.775	29.225	29.675	27.61125	26.970	26.575		26.340	27.025	26.976
3	24.285	24.735	25.185	25.635	26.085	26.535	26.985	27.435	27.885	28.335	28.785	29.235	29.685	27.62125	26.980	26.585		26.350	27.035	27.040
3 A	24.295	24.745	25.195	25.645	26.095	26.545	26.995	27.445	27.895	28.345	28.795	29.245	29.695	-	26.990	-	-	26.360	-	-
4	24.305	24.755	25.205	25.655	26.105	26.555	27.005	27.455	27.905	28.355	28.805	29.255	29.705	27.63125	27.000	26.595	27.005	26.370	27.055	27.080
5	24.315	24.765	25.215	25.665	26.115	26.565	27.015	27.465	27.915	28.365	28.815	29.265	29.715	27.64125	27.010	26.605	27.015	26.380	27.065	27.088
6	24.325	24.775	25.225	25.675	26.125	26.575	27.025	27.475	27.925	28.375	28.825	29.275	29.725	27.65125	27.020	26.615	27.025	26.390	27.085	27.112
7	24.335	24.785	25.235	25.685	26.135	26.585	27.035	27.485	27.935	28.385	28.835	29.285	29.735	27.66125	27.030	26.625	27.035	26.400	27.095	27.120
7 A	24.345	24.795	25.245	25.695	26.145	26.595	27.045	27.495	27.945	28.395	28.845	29.295	29.745	-	27.040	-	-	26.410	-	-
8	24.355	24.805	25.255	25.705	26.155	26.605	27.055	27.505	27.955	28.405	28.855	29.305	29.755	27.67125	27.050	26.635	27.055	26.420	27.105	27.144
9	24.365	24.815	25.265	25.715	26.165	26.615	27.065	27.515	27.965	28.415	28.865	29.315	29.765	27.68125	27.060	26.645	27.065	26.430	27.115
10	24.375	24.825	25.275	25.725	26.175	26.625	27.075	27.525	27.975	28.425	28.875	29.325	29.775	27.69125	27.070	26.655	27.075	26.440	27.125
11	24.385	24.835	25.285	25.735	26.185	26.635	27.085	27.535	27.985	28.435	28.885	29.335	29.785	27.70125	27.080	26.665	27.085	26.450	27.135
11 A	24.395	24.845	25.295	25.745	26.195	26.645	26.095	27.545	27.995	28.445	28.895	29.345	29.795	-	27.090	-	-	26.460	-
12	24.405	24.855	25.305	25.755	26.205	26.655	27.105	27.555	28.005	28.455	28.905	29.355	29.805	27.71125	27.100	26.675	27.105	26.470	27.155
13	24.415	24.865	25.315	25.765	26.215	26.665	27.115	27.565	28.015	28.465	28.915	29.365	29.815	27.72125	27.110	26.685	27.115	26.480	27.165
14	24.425	24.875	25.325	25.775	26.225	26.675	27.125	27.575	28.025	28.475	28.925	29.375	29.825	27.73125	27.120	26.695	27.125	26.490	27.175
15	24.435	24.885	25.335	25.785	26.235	26.685	27.135	27.585	28.035	28.485	28.935	29.385	29.835	27.74125	27.130	26.705	27.135	26.500	27.185
15 A	24.445	24.895	25.345	25.795	26.245	26.695	27.145	27.595	28.045	28.495	28.945	29.395	29.845	-	27.140	-	-	26.510	-
16	24.455	24.905	25.355	25.805	26.255	26.705	27.155	27.605	28.055	28.505	28.955	29.405	29.855	27.75125	27.150	26.715		26.520	27.195
17	24.465	24.915	25.365	25.815	26.265	26.715	27.165	27.615	28.065	28.515	28.965	29.415	29.865	27.76125	27.160	26.725		26.530	27.205
18	24.475	24.925	25.375	25.825	26.275	26.725	27.175	27.625	28.075	28.525	28.975	29.425	29.875	27.77125	27.170	26.735		26.540	27.225
19	24.485	24.935	25.385	25.835	26.285	26.735	27.185	27.635	28.085	28.535	28.985	29.435	29.885	27.78125	27.180	26.745		26.550
19 A	24.495	24.945	25.395	25.845	26.295	26.745	27.195	27.645	28.095	28.545	28.995	29.445	29.895	-	27.190	-	-	26.560
20	24.505	24.955	25.405	25.855	26.305	26.755	27.205	27.655	28.105	28.555	29.005	29.455	29.905	27.79125	27.200	26.755		26.570
21	24.515	24.965	25.415	25.865	26.315	26.765	27.215	27.665	28.115	28.565	29.015	29.465	29.915	27.80125	27.210	26.765		26.580
22	24.525	24.975	25.425	25.875	26.325	26.775	27.225	27.675	28.125	28.575	29.025	29.475	29.925	27.81125	27.220	26.775		26.590
23	24.555	25.005	25.455	25.905	26.355	26.805	27.255	27.705	28.155	28.605	29.055	29.505	29.955	27.82125	27.250	26.785		26.620
24	24.535	24.985	25.435	25.885	26.335	26.785	27.235	27.685	28.135	28.585	29.035	29.485	29.935	27.83125	27.230	26.795		26.600
25	24.545	24.995	25.445	25.895	26.345	26.795	27.245	27.695	28.145	28.595	29.045	29.495	29.945	27.84125	27.240	26.805		26.610
26	24.565	25.115	25.465	25.915	26.365	26.815	27.265	27.715	28.165	28.615	29.065	29.515	29.965	27.85125	27.260	26.815		26.630
27	24.575	25.125	25.475	25.925	26.375	26.825	27.275	27.725	28.175	28.625	29.075	29.525	29.975	27.86125	27.270	26.825		26.640
28	24.585	25.135	25.485	25.935	26.385	26.835	27.285	27.735	28.185	28.635	29.085	29.535	29.985	27.87125	27.280	26.835		26.650
29	24.595	25.145	25.495	25.945	26.395	26.845	27.295	27.745	28.195	28.645	29.095	29.545	29.995	27.88125	27.290	26.845		26.660
30	24.605	25.155	25.505	25.955	26.405	26.855	27.305	27.755	28.205	28.655	29.105	29.555	30.005	27.89125	27.300	26.855		26.670
31	24.615	25.165	25.515	25.965	26.415	26.865	27.315	27.765	28.215	28.665	29.115	29.565	30.015	27.90125	27.310	26.865		26.680
32	24.625	25.175	25.525	25.975	26.425	26.875	27.325	27.775	28.225	28.675	29.125	29.575	30.025	27.91125	27.320	26.875		26.690
33	24.635	25.185	25.535	25.985	26.435	26.885	27.335	27.785	28.235	28.685	29.135	29.585	30.035	27.92125	27.330	26.885		26.700
34	24.645	25.195	25.545	25.995	26.445	26.895	27.345	27.795	28.245	28.695	29.145	29.595	30.045	27.93125	27.340	26.895		26.710
35	24.655	25.205	25.555	25.005	26.455	26.905	27.355	27.805	28.255	28.705	29.155	29.605	30.055	27.94125	27.350	26.905		26.720
36	24.665	25.215	25.565	26.015	26.465	26.915	27.365	27.815	28.265	28.715	29.165	29.615	30.065	27.95125	27.360	26.915		26.730
37	24.675	25.225	25.575	26.025	26.475	26.925	27.375	27.825	28.275	28.725	29.175	29.625	30.075	27.96125	27.370	26.925		26.740
38	24.685	25.235	25.585	26.035	26.485	26.935	27.385	27.835	28.285	28.735	29.185	29.635	30.085	27.97125	27.380	26.935		26.750
39	24.695	25.245	25.595	26.045	26.495	26.945	27.395	27.845	28.295	28.745	29.195	29.645	30.095	27.98125	27.390	26.945		26.760
40	24.705	25.255	25.605	26.055	26.505	26.955	27.405	27.855	28.305	28.755	29.205	29.655	30.105	27.99125	27.400	26.955		26.770

International - SSB calling frequency:	27.555
International - SSTV frequency:	27.700
Australia - Official LSB calling channel:	27.155 (Ch 16)
Australia - Official AM calling channel:	27.085 (Ch 11)
Australia - Common AM road/trucker channel:	27.055 (Ch 8)
Australia - Common LSB calling channel:	27.355 (Ch 35)
South America - SSB calling frequency:	26.555
Sweden - Common USB channel:	27.235 (Ch 24)
USA - "Super bowl". QRO AM channel:	27.025 (Ch 6)
USA - "Mini bowl". QRO AM channel:	27.085 (Ch 11)
USA - Nationwide LSB skip call channel:	27.385 (Ch 38)

Cordless phones

This is a tough one as there are a number of bands, legal in one or more countries while illegal in others. There are also those so called "long range" cordless phones, with
output power of 4 to 5 W or more in seemingly random bands. Legality unknown.

The interesting thing to know about all these bands is, that there are always uninformed or ignorant persons that while going for vacation abroad, albeit without criminal
intent, will buy radio related equipment that may or may not be legal in their own countries. Cordless phones is only one example of this. This may not be very widespread
nowadays, but it has been in the past. So, it may be a good thing to keep an eye on those bands that are not allowed in YOUR particular country.

Older analog FM systems are easy to eavesdrop on, but newer digital systems are harder, and some are virtually impossible to intercept. Some systems utilize spread spectrum
technique, while others may employ spectrum inversion scrambling or digital encryption.

Most systems are low power at milliwatt level, with a range of up to a couple of hundred meters, while the "long range" equipment may reach 10-20 Km or beyond depending
on antenna system etc. Well, you get the idea, your eavesdropping success may vary. And by the way, those really old bands, and even withdrawn bands such as the European
CT-1 band may still have users, so don't forget to put them in your scanning list.

And last but not least; make shure you know your local laws. It may be a crime to intercept cordless phone conversations in your country. You have been warned!

Here are a couple of bands/channels/frequencies to start with. They
are all analog FM unless otherwise stated. Frequencies are in MHz:

European CEPT-countries - CT-1 phones
Maximum 10 mW ERP
Allocated around 1985 or so
Withdrawn 2008-12-31

Ch.#	Base TX	Handset TX
01	959.0125	914.0125
02	959.0375	914.0375
03	959.0625	914.0625
04	959.0875	914.0875
05	959.1125	914.1125
06	959.1375	914.1375
07	959.1625	914.1625
08	959.1875	914.1875
09	959.2125	914.2125
10	959.2375	914.2375
11	959.2625	914.2625
12	959.2875	914.2875
13	959.3125	914.3125
14	959.3375	914.3375
15	959.3625	914.3625
16	959.3875	914.3875
17	959.4125	914.4125
18	959.4375	914.4375
19	959.4625	914.4625
20	959.4875	914.4875
21	959.5125	914.5125
22	959.5375	914.5375
23	959.5625	914.5625
24	959.5875	914.5875
25	959.6125	914.6125
26	959.6375	914.6375
27	959.6625	914.6625
28	959.6875	914.6875
29	959.7125	914.7125
30	959.7375	914.7375
31	959.7625	914.7625
32	959.7875	914.7875
33	959.8125	914.8125
34	959.8375	914.8375
35	959.8625	914.8625
36	959.8875	914.8875
37	959.9125	914.9125
38	959.9375	914.9375
39	959.9625	914.9625
40	959.9875	914.9875

England/UK - Allocated in 1983

Ch.#	Base TX	Handset TX
01	1.642	47.45625
02	1.662	47.46875
03	1.682	47.48125
04	1.702	47.49375
05	1.722	47.50625
06	1.742	47.51875
07	1.762	47.53125 or 47.44375
08	1.782	47.54375

England/UK - Allocated in 1996

Ch.#	Base TX	Handset TX
01	31.0375	39.9375
02	31.0625	39.9625
03	31.0875	39.9875
04	31.1125	40.0125
05	31.1375	40.0375
06	31.1625	40.0625
07	31.1875	40.0875
08	31.2125	40.1125

England/UK - Unknown allocation year
Longer range phones for rural use

Ch.#	Base TX	Handset TX
01	47.43125	77.5125
02	47.41875	77.5500

New Zealand - Valid in february 2012
1.7/40 and 30/40 MHz: Maximum 160 mW ERP
Base units, 30/72 MHz: Maximum 1 W ERP
Handsets, 30/72 MHz: Maximum 500 mW ERP

Ch.#	Base TX	Handset TX
01	30.075	39.775
02	30.100	39.800
03	30.125	39.825
04	30.150	39.850
05	30.175	39.875
06	30.200	39.900
07	30.225	39.925
08	30.250	39.950
09	30.275	39.975
10	30.300	40.000
11	30.325 or 1.725	40.025
12	30.350	40.050
13	30.375 or 1.740	40.075
14	30.400	40.100
15	30.425 or 1.755	40.125
16	30.450	40.150
17	30.475 or 1.770	40.175
18	30.500	40.200
19	30.525 or 1.785	40.225
20	30.550	40.250
21	30.575	40.275
22	30.600	40.300 or 72.800
23	30.625	40.325 or 72.825
24	30.650	40.350 or 72.850
25	30.675	40.375 or 72.875
26	30.700	40.400 or 72.900
27	30.725	40.425 or 72.925
28	30.750	40.450 or 72.950
29	30.775	40.475 or 72.975

USA - Allocated in the late seventies

Ch.#	Base TX	Handset TX
01A	1.695	49.930
06A	1.705	49.830
13A	1.765	49.860
19A	1.795	49.875
25A	1.825	49.890
27A	1.735	49.845

USA - Allocated in november 1984

Ch.#	Base TX	Handset TX
01	46.610	49.670
02	46.630	49.845
03	46.670	49.860
04	46.710	49.770
05	46.730	49.875
06	46.770	49.830
07	46.830	49.890
08	46.870	49.930
09	46.930	49.990
10	46.970	49.970

USA - Allocated in 1993
Maximum 1 mW ERP

Ch.#	Base TX	Handset TX	Ch.#	Base TX	Handset TX
01	902.100	926.100	31	903.000	927.000
02	902.130	926.130	32	903.030	927.030
03	902.160	926.160	33	903.060	927.060
04	902.190	926.190	34	903.090	927.090
05	902.220	926.220	35	903.120	927.120
06	902.250	926.250	36	903.150	927.150
07	902.280	926.280	37	903.180	927.180
08	902.310	926.310	38	903.210	927.210
09	902.340	926.340	39	903.240	927.240
10	902.370	926.370	40	903.270	927.270
11	902.400	926.400	41	903.300	927.300
12	902.430	926.430	42	903.330	927.330
13	902.460	926.460	43	903.360	927.360
14	902.490	926.490	44	903.390	927.390
15	902.520	926.520	45	903.420	927.420
16	902.550	926.550	46	903.450	927.450
17	902.580	926.580	47	903.480	927.480
18	902.610	926.610	48	903.510	927.510
19	902.640	926.640	49	903.540	927.540
20	902.670	926.670	50	903.570	927.570
21	902.700	926.700	51	903.600	927.600
22	902.730	926.730	52	903.630	927.630
23	902.760	926.760	53	903.660	927.660
24	902.790	926.790	54	903.690	927.690
25	902.820	926.820	55	903.720	927.720
26	902.850	926.850	56	903.750	927.750
27	902.880	926.880	57	903.780	927.780
28	902.910	926.910	58	903.810	927.810
29	902.940	926.940	59	903.840	927.840
30	902.970	926.970	60	903.870	927.870

USA - Allocated in june 1995

Ch.#	Base TX	Handset TX
01	43.720	48.760
02	43.740	48.840
03	43.820	48.860
04	43.840	48.920
05	43.920	49.020
06	43.960	49.080
07	44.120	49.100
08	44.160	49.160
09	44.180	49.200
10	44.200	49.240
11	44.320	49.380
12	44.360	49.360
13	44.400	49.400
14	44.460	49.460
15	44.480	49.500
16	46.610	49.670
17	46.630	49.845
18	46.670	49.860
19	46.710	49.770
20	46.730	49.875
21	46.770	49.830
22	46.830	49.890
23	46.870	49.930
24	46.930	49.990
25	46.970	49.970

Note: The frequencies in pink are shared with baby
monitors and toy walkie-talkies!

Various "long range" units have been found in the following bands (base / handset):

140 / 230 MHz
140 / 250 MHz
145 / 230 MHz
382 / 256 MHz
388 / 262 MHz
394 / 268 MHz

There are probably other bands used as well. Those mentioned above are just some examples.

License free QRG:s

43 MHz Italy. For use in... well, Italy. Max 4 W output.
69 MHz is our latest band in Sweden. There are two sub bands; 8 channels with max 25 W, and 10 channels with max 5 W, normally from HT's.
FreeNet is used in Germany. Initially max 500 mW and built-in, non-removable antenna, but 1 W was allowed from 2019-05-13
FRS is for use in the US and Canada.
LPD is for european use, sadly in the middle of our 70 cm ham band! Maximum 10 mW ERP and built-in, non-removable antenna. 69 channels between 433.075-434.775 MHz
LPD Japan or "Mini set". Max 10 mW ERP
MURS is for use in the US. Maximum 2 W ERP
PMR446 is for european use. Maximum 0.5 W ERP and built-in, non-removable antenna
dPMR446 is allocated in the same band as PMR446 but with digital voice and 6.25 KHz channel raster. Maximum 0.5 W ERP and built-in, non-removable antenna
PRS/UHF CB is for Malaysia (14 ch), Australia & New Zealand (40 ch) use. Located in the 477 MHz segment. Max 5 W
SRBR/KDR for Sweden (Maximum 2 W ERP) and Norway (Maximum 0.5 W ERP) with built-in, non-removable antenna. FM or DV modes.
SRD860 for Europe (Not all countries though). Maximum 5 mW ERP and built-in, non-removable antenna
934/81 UK was for use in the UK. A maximum of 8 watts output and 8 element beam. Withdrawn 1998-12-31.
2.4 GHz SRD (2.400 - 2.4835 GHz) is for almost worldwide use. Maximum allowed power output differ between countries.

FRS = Family Radio Service, KDR = KortDistansRadio, LPD = Low Power Device, MURS = Multi-Use Radio System, PMR = Personal Mobile Radio, SRBR = Short Range Business Radio, SRD = Short Range Device

NB! If you plan to bring your license-free radios on vacation abroad, make sure they're actually approved for use where you're going.
The frequency band may have completely different usage, and you wouldn't want to have the local law enforcement in your hair, right?
For example, american FRS transceivers are NOT allowed in Europe as the band is reserved for commercial / professional users.
License free transceivers are normally cheap, so it's highly recommended to buy these locally.

SRBR/KDR	QRG in MHz
1	444.600
2	444.650
3	444.800
4	444.825
5	444.850
6	444.875
7	444.925
8	444.975

PMR446	QRG in MHz
1	446.00625
2	446.01875
3	446.03125
4	446.04375
5	446.05625
6	446.06875
7	446.08125
8	446.09375
9	446.10625
10	446.11875
11	446.13125
12	446.14375
13	446.15625
14	446.16875
15	446.18125
16	446.19375

FreeNet	QRG in MHz
1	149.0250
2	149.0375
3	149.0500
4	149.0875
5	149.1000
6	149.1125

43 MHz Italy	QRG in MHz
1	43.3000
2	43.3125
3	43.3250
4	43.3375
5	43.3500
6	43.3625
7	43.3750
8	43.3875
9	43.4000
10	43.4125
11	43.4250
12	43.4375
13	43.4500
14	43.4625
15	43.4750
16	43.4875
17	43.5000
18	43.5125
19	43.5250
20	43.5375
21	43.5500
22	43.5625
23	43.5750
24	43.5875

934/81 UK	QRG in MHz
1	934.0125
2	934.0625
3	934.1125
4	934.1625
5	934.2125
6	934.2625
7	934.3125
8	934.3625
9	934.4125
10	934.4625
11	934.5125
12	934.5625
13	934.6125
14	934.6625
15	934.7125
16	934.7625
17	934.8125
18	934.8625
19	934.9125
20	934.9625

LPD Japan	QRG in MHz
1	422.0500
2	422.0625
3	422.0750
4	422.0875
5	422.1000
6	422.1125
7	422.1250
8	422.1375
9	422.1500
10	422.1625
11	422.1750
H1	422.2000
H2	422.2125
H3	422.2250
H4	422.2375
H5	422.2500
H6	422.2625
H7	422.2750
H8	422.2875
H9	422.3000

FRS	QRG in MHz
1	462.5625
2	462.5875
3	462.6125
4	462.6375
5	462.6625
6	462.6875
7	462.7125
8	467.5625
9	467.5875
10	467.6125
11	467.6375
12	467.6625
13	467.6875
14	467.7125
15	462.550
16	462.575
17	462.600
18	462.625
19	462.650
20	462.675
21	462.700
22	462.725

MURS	QRG in MHz
1	151.820
2	151.880
3	151.940
4	154.570
5	154.600

SRD860 Band A	QRG in MHz
1-48 (12.5 KHz steps)	868.00625-868.59375
SRD860 Band B	QRG in MHz
1-40 (12.5 KHz steps)	868.70625-869.19375
SRD860 Band C1	QRG in MHz
1-10 (25 KHz steps)	869.4125-869.6375
SRD860 Band C2	QRG in MHz
1-4 (25 KHz steps)	869.3125-869.3875
SRD860 Band D	QRG in MHz
1-24 (12.5 KHz steps)	869.70625-869.99375

69 MHz, 25 W	QRG in MHz
1	69.0125
2	69.0375
3	69.0625
4	69.0875
5	69.1125
6	69.1375
7	69.1625
8	69.1875

69 MHz, 5 W	QRG in MHz
1 (9)	69.60625
2 (10)	69.61875
3 (11)	69.63125
4 (12)	69.64375
5 (13)	69.65625
6 (14)	69.66875
7 (15)	69.68125
8 (16)	69.69375
9 (17)	69.70625
10 (18)	69.71875

dPMR446	QRG in MHz
1	446.003125
2	446.009375
3	446.015625
4	446.021875
5	446.028125
6	446.034375
7	446.040625
8	446.046875
9	446.053125
10	446.059375
11	446.065625
12	446.071875
13	446.078125
14	446.084375
15	446.090625
16	446.096875
17	446.103125
18	446.109375
19	446.115625
20	446.121875
21	446.128125
22	446.134375
23	446.140625
24	446.146875
25	446.153125
26	446.159375
27	446.165625
28	446.171875
29	446.178125
30	446.184375
31	446.190625
32	446.196875

Most bands use NFM ±5 KHz deviation except PMR446 and 43 MHz Italy, where ±2.5 KHz is used.
There is also Digital Voice (TDMA/DMR Tier I) sharing the 16 channels with FM on PMR446.
The 32 channel sub band on PMR446 is Digital Voice (FDMA/dPMR) only.
On the SRBR/KDR channels, DV modes like DMR and NXDN was eventually allowed.
2.4 GHz SRD is using Digital Voice.
Equipment for these bands can be found here and here.

Meteor showers

These are the principal meteor showers and their approximate activity dates.

Name	Time period
Quadrantids	January 1 - January 5
Lyrids	April 16 - April 25
Eta Aquarids	April 19 - May 28
Perseids	July 17 - August 24
Orionids	October 2 - November 7
Northern & southern Taurids	October 1 - November 25
Leonids	November 14 - November 21
Geminids	December 7 - December 17

Meteor ping listening tips

Listen in USB mode about 1 KHz below nominal carrier frequency.

Source	QRG (MHz)	Notes
BRAMS meteor beacon in Belgium	49.970	130 W
GRAVES satellite tracking radar in France	143.050	Several Megawatts ERP

EME path loss

The distance to the moon varies between 356500 Km (221500 miles) and 406700 Km (252700 miles).
This table indicates the average two-way EME path loss with isotropic antennas.

QRG	Band	Average 2-way path loss
50 MHz	6 m	242.9 dB
144 MHz	2 m	252.1 dB
222 MHz	1.25 m	255.8 dB
432 MHz	70 cm	261.6 dB
902 MHz	33 cm	268.0 dB
1296 MHz	23 cm	271.2 dB
2304 MHz	13 cm	276.2 dB
3456 MHz	9 cm	279.7 dB
5760 MHz	6 cm	284.1 dB
10368 MHz	3 cm	289.2 dB
24048 MHz	1.2 cm	293.5 dB

For comparison, here is the theoretical min/max one-way path loss to the moon according to standard
free space path loss calculations with isotropic antennas. It does not take into account faraday rotation
or other phenomenons that may or may not affect the path loss.

QRG	Band	Minimum	Maximum
50 MHz	6 m	177.5 dB	178.6 dB
144 MHz	2 m	186.6 dB	187.8 dB
222 MHz	1.25 m	190.4 dB	191.6 dB
432 MHz	70 cm	196.2 dB	197.3 dB
902 MHz	33 cm	202.6 dB	203.7 dB
1296 MHz	23 cm	205.7 dB	206.9 dB
2304 MHz	13 cm	210.7 dB	211.9 dB
3456 MHz	9 cm	214.2 dB	215.4 dB
5760 MHz	6 cm	218.7 dB	219.8 dB
10368 MHz	3 cm	223.8 dB	224.9 dB
24048 MHz	1.2 cm	231.1 dB	232.2 dB

Food for thoughts: It has already been suggested to put ham radio on the future moon base. Hmm...

NOAA WX-channels (USA)

Throughout the US, there are over a 1000 transmitters utilized by NOAA and the National Weather Radio (NWR). They transmit severe weather warnings to specialized receivers. These are either stand-alone units or built-in for example into CB-radios or marine transceivers. Of course, transmissions are also easily picked up on virtually any scanner. Locations, callsigns and more can be found at here. The frequencies are as follows:

Channel QRG in MHz

1 162.400

2 162.425

3 162.450

4 162.475

5 162.500

6 162.525

7 162.550

161.650

161.775

163.275

All channels use NFM ±5 KHz deviation.

Shortwave broadcasting bands

These are the shortwave broadcasting bands allocated by the ITU.

Band	Frequency range	Width	Notes
120 m	2300-2495 KHz	195 KHz	Only used in tropical areas
90 m	3200-3400 KHz	200 KHz	Only used in tropical areas
75 m	3900-4000 KHz	100 KHz	Limited to 3950-4000 KHz in Europe & the MENA region. Not used in the Americas
60 m	4750-4995 KHz	245 KHz	Only used in tropical areas
49 m	5900-6200 KHz	300 KHz
41 m	7200-7450 KHz	250 KHz	Limited to 7300-7400 KHz in the Americas
31 m	9400-9900 KHz	500 KHz
25 m	11600-12100 KHz	500 KHz
22 m	13570-13870 KHz	300 KHz
19 m	15100-15800 KHz	700 KHz
16 m	17480-17900 KHz	420 KHz
15 m	18900-19020 KHz	120 KHz	Almost unused band
13 m	21450-21850 KHz	400 KHz
11 m	25670-26100 KHz	430 KHz	Mostly local digital test transmissions

This amounts to a total of 4.66 MHz of allocated shortwave spectrum.

NB! Most shortwave BC stations are located in a 5 KHz raster within the above bands.
Some BC stations use frequencies just outside these ranges to avoid interference
with other stations.

The SINPO report

DX:ers often report the reception of a broadcasting station with the SINPO code.

#	Signal strength S	Interference I	Noise N	Propagation disturbance P	Overall rating O
5	Excellent	Nil	Nil	Nil	Excellent
4	Good	Slight	Slight	Slight	Good
3	Fair	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Fair
2	Poor	Severe	Severe	Severe	Poor
1	Barely audible	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Unusable

S is the input signal stregth.
I is the level of interference from other transmitters.
N is the level of noise on the signal.
P is the degrading effect of propagation disturbance i.e. fading, echo etc.
O is the overall rating, combining all factors.

SINPO 55555 is the best report a station can get, while a SINPO 11111 is very
unlikely as reception is so bad that an ID is virtually impossible.

Scanning tips

Now, this is a subject that could fill up many MB:s of text and pictures, but I will limit this section a little bit and write about some perhaps more uncommon stuff you can do.

I have had a blast snooping the airwaves with a setup consisting of:

An Icom IC-R10 hand scanner
A Watson "Super Searcher" (10-3000 MHz RF finder)
A serial cable between the above

The Super Searcher is basically a portable, very sensitive frequency counter, connected to an antenna of your choice. It also has the possibility to "reaction tune" any Icom CI-V or AOR receiver/scanner to the locked frequency. Got the picture yet? Well this is going to be fun. Take this setup out on the road, preferrably to a main street with a lot of traffic, and BINGO! As soon as there is someone fairly close by, pressing the PTT on his/her transceiver, the Super Searcher locks onto the frequency, passes the frequency information to the Icom/AOR receiver and voila! With no effort at all, you can listen to, and start logging those presumably unknown frequencies.

I have also done some snooping from the car. By connecting the Super Searcher to an external antenna, the range of detection will be greater. If you drive around your town with this setup, you'll have frequencies and communications popping up as you pass the transmitters. The range of detection is of course depending on several factors: your antenna, the transmitting antenna, the frequency in question and of course the power output.

There are a few drawbacks too. Being a broadband device, the Super Searcher may be blocked when passing certain strong, wideband transmitters such as aviation radar sites, cellular dittos, broadcasting towers and multiple transmitter clusters. To test this, I hooked up the gear and went to Bromma Airport which is close to home, and parked within a 100 meters from the radar ball. This radar operates just above 1.3 GHz (1300 MHz). The Super Searcher could neither detect the Air-to-ground comm's antennas about 25 meters behind the car, nor my very own 2m/70cm/23cm HT with 300 mW output, 20 cm away. I had to move the HT as close as 8-10 cm from the Super Searcher in order for it to detect my transmission. Talk about blocking! This is however a relatively small problem that in practice won't matter that much. The extremist will buy and connect a megabuck preselector with 2 MHz bandwidth, thus selecting a small portion of the spectrum to be detected (you will miss a lot this way). A better approach would probably be a notch filter for 88-108 MHz and maybe a lowpass filter to block everything above, say 480 MHz.

The other drawback is impossible to remedy. The Super Searcher can not detect and pass the mode of transmission. You will have to set it manually on your radio. This is however a minute problem as most comm's except aviation is done with FM.

There are of course other manufacturers with similar devices offering "reaction tune" such as Optoelectronics, but this one won't cost you an arm and a leg. I had mine for only 1500:- SEK in Sweden. In UK the price is £99 (summer 2000).

The Watson Super Searcher comes with rechargable batteries, a wall charger and a telescopic antenna. It also has a bargraph to indicate relative signal strength. It's a fun tech-toy and a must-have for the scanner-hyena.

Of course, a full featured, megabuck spectrum analyzer will do the job under any circumstances (except reaction tune), no matter what the RF environment looks like, but the huge price for such a device is likely to deter most hobbyists (like me).

Various PLL circuits

A work in progress. See also the components page

For PLL pin functions, check out this explanation

AN6040	C5121	CCI3001	CCI3002	ECG1198	ECG1207	ECG1233	ECG1254
ECG1255	HD42851	HD42853	KM5624	LC7110	LC7113	LC7120	LC7130
LC7131	LC7132	LC7135	LC7136	LC7137	LC7185	M58472P	M58473P
M58476	MB8719	MB8733	MB8734	MC14568	MC145104	MC145106	MC145107
MC145109	MM48141	MM55106	MM55107	MM55108N	MM55116	MM55126	MM55104
MM55107	MM55108	MN6040	MN6040A	MSC42502P	MSM5807	MSM5907	NDC40013
NIS7261A	NIS7264B	PLL01A	PLL02A	PLL03A	PLL08A	PLL0305A	PLL2001
PLL2002	REC86345	SM5104	SM5107	SM5109	SM5118	SM5123A	SM5124A
SM5125B	SM5126A	SM5126B	TC5080P	TC9100	TC9102P	TC9103P	TC9105
TC9106	TC9109P	TC9119	µPD858C	µPD861	µPD2810C	µPD2812C	µPD2814
µPD2816	uPD2824C	µPD2833C

Coax connectors - Assembly guides

Another work in progress...

UG-21 STG A professional N-type, male connector
Suitable for RG-213, Aircom Plus, Ecoflex 10,
H-1000 and H-2000 Flex

UHF Spezial A professional PL-259/UHF-type, male connector
Suitable for RG-213, Aircom Plus, Ecoflex 10,
H-1000 and H-2000 Flex

Deltaohm 1/2" A professional coax connector. (Page 1)
Suitable for 1/2" corrugated coax cable

Deltaohm 1/2" A professional coax connector. (Page 2)
Suitable for 1/2" corrugated coax cable

Spinner RFS - General instructions.
Suitable for 7/8" corrugated coax cable

SSB Electronic 7385 - SMA plug for Aircell 7

SSB Electronic 7700 - N plug for Aircell 5

Teracom 7/8" A professional coax connector. (d0 version)
Suitable for 7/8" corrugated coax cable

Teracom 7/8" A professional coax connector. (e0 version)
Suitable for 7/8" corrugated coax cable

Equivalent/conversion table (over 50 ohms) for dBm / dbu / dBµV / Power W / Power dBW / V RMS / V peak-peak
and calibrated S-meter readings for below and above 30 MHz, according to IARU Region 1 recommendation (1981).

dBm	dBu	dBµV	Pwr W	Pwr dBW	V RMS	V p-p	S <30 MHz	S >30 MHz
-141	-151.8 dBu	-34 dBµV	7.9 aW	-171 dBW	20 nV	56.3 nV		S 1
-140	-150.8 dBu	-33 dBµV	10 aW	-170 dBW	22 nV	63 nV
-139	-149.8 dBu	-32 dBµV	12 aW	-169 dBW	25 nV	70.8 nV
-138	-148.8 dBu	-31 dBµV	16 aW	-168 dBW	28 nV	79.6 nV
-137	-147.8 dBu	-30 dBµV	20 aW	-167 dBW	30 nV	89.3 nV
-136	-146.8 dBu	-29 dBµV	25 aW	-166 dBW	35 nV	0.1 uV
-135	-145.8 dBu	-28 dBµV	32 aW	-165 dBW	40 nV	0.112 uV		S 2
-134	-144.8 dBu	-27 dBµV	40 aW	-164 dBW	45 nV	0.126 uV
-133	-143.8 dBu	-26 dBµV	50 aW	-163 dBW	50 nV	0.141 uV
-132	-142.8 dBu	-25 dBµV	63 aW	-162 dBW	56 nV	0.159 uV
-131	-141.8 dBu	-24 dBµV	79 aW	-161 dBW	63 nV	0.178 uV
-130	-140.8 dBu	-23 dBµV	0.1 fW	-160 dBW	71 nV	0.2 uV
-129	-139.8 dBu	-22 dBµV	0.13 fW	-159 dBW	80 nV	0.224 uV		S 3
-128	-138.8 dBu	-21 dBµV	0.16 fW	-158 dBW	89 nV	0.251 uV
-127	-137.8 dBu	-20 dBµV	0.2 fW	-157 dBW	0.1 uV	0.282 uV
-126	-136.8 dBu	-19 dBµV	0.25 fW	-156 dBW	0.112 uV	0.317 uV
-125	-135.8 dBu	-18 dBµV	0.32 fW	-155 dBW	0.125 uV	0.356 uV
-124	-134.8 dBu	-17 dBµV	0.4 fW	-154 dBW	0.14 uV	0.399 uV
-123	-133.8 dBu	-16 dBµV	0.5 fW	-153 dBW	0.16 uV	0.447 uV		S 4
-122	-132.8 dBu	-15 dBµV	0.6 fW	-152 dBW	0.18 uV	0.5 uV
-121	-131.8 dBu	-14 dBµV	0.8 fW	-151 dBW	0.2 uV	0.56 uV	S 1
-120	-130.8 dBu	-13 dBµV	1 fW	-150 dBW	0.22 uV	0.63 uV
-119	-129.8 dBu	-12 dBµV	1.2 fW	-149 dBW	0.25 uV	0.7 uV
-118	-128.8 dBu	-11 dBµV	1.6 fW	-148 dBW	0.28 uV	0.8 uV
-117	-127.8 dBu	-10 dBµV	2 fW	-147 dBW	0.3 uV	0.89 uV		S 5
-116	-126.8 dBu	-9 dBµV	2.5 fW	-146 dBW	0.35 uV	1 uV
-115	-125.8 dBu	-8 dBµV	3.1 fW	-145 dBW	0.4 uV	1.1 uV	S 2
-114	-124.8 dBu	-7 dBµV	3.9 fW	-144 dBW	0.45 uV	1.26 uV
-113	-123.8 dBu	-6 dBµV	5 fW	-143 dBW	0.5 uV	1.4 uV
-112	-122.8 dBu	-5 dBµV	6.3 fW	-142 dBW	0.56 uV	1.6 uV
-111	-121.8 dBu	-4 dBµV	7.9 fW	-141 dBW	0.63 uV	1.8 uV		S 6
-110	-120.8 dBu	-3 dBµV	10 fW	-140 dBW	0.71 uV	2 uV
-109	-119.8 dBu	-2 dBµV	13 fW	-139 dBW	0.8 uV	2.24 uV	S 3
-108	-118.8 dBu	-1 dBµV	16 fW	-138 dBW	0.89 uV	2.51 uV
-107	-117.8 dBu	0 dBµV	20 fW	-137 dBW	1 uV	2.82 uV
-106	-116.8 dBu	1 dBµV	25 fW	-136 dBW	1.12 uV	3.17 uV
-105	-115.8 dBu	2 dBµV	32 fW	-135 dBW	1.25 uV	3.56 uV		S 7
-104	-114.8 dBu	3 dBµV	40 fW	-134 dBW	1.41 uV	3.99 uV
-103	-113.8 dBu	4 dBµV	50 fW	-133 dBW	1.59 uV	4.47 uV	S 4
-102	-112.8 dBu	5 dBµV	63 fW	-132 dBW	1.78 uV	5 uV
-101	-111.8 dBu	6 dBµV	79 fW	-131 dBW	2 uV	5.63 uV
-100	-110.8 dBu	7 dBµV	0.1 pW	-130 dBW	2.24 uV	6.3 uV
-99	-109.8 dBu	8 dBµV	0.13 pW	-129 dBW	2.51 uV	7.08 uV		S 8
-98	-108.8 dBu	9 dBµV	1.6 pW	-128 dBW	2.82 uV	7.96 uV
-97	-107.8 dBu	10 dBµV	0.2 pW	-127 dBW	3.16 uV	8.93 uV	S 5
-96	-106.8 dBu	11 dBµV	0.25 pW	-126 dBW	3.55 uV	10 uV
-95	-105.8 dBu	12 dBµV	0.32 pW	-125 dBW	4 uV	11.2 uV
-94	-104.8 dBu	13 dBµV	0.4 pW	-124 dBW	4.47 uV	12.6 uV
-93	-103.8 dBu	14 dBµV	0.5 pW	-123 dBW	5.01 uV	14.1 uV		S 9
-92	-102.8 dBu	15 dBµV	0.63 pW	-122 dBW	5.62 uV	15.9 uV
-91	-101.8 dBu	16 dBµV	0.79 pW	-121 dBW	6.31 uV	17.8 uV	S 6
-90	-100.8 dBu	17 dBµV	1 pW	-120 dBW	7.06 uV	19.9 uV
-89	-99.8 dBu	18 dBµV	1.2 pW	-119 dBW	8 uV	22.4 uV
-88	-98.8 dBu	19 dBµV	1.6 pW	-118 dBW	8.91 uV	25.1 uV
-87	-97.8 dBu	20 dBµV	2 pW	-117 dBW	10 uV	28.2 uV
-86	-96.8 dBu	21 dBµV	2.5 pW	-116 dBW	11.2 uV	31.7 uV
-85	-95.8 dBu	22 dBµV	3.2 pW	-115 dBW	12.5 uV	35.6 uV	S 7
-84	-94.8 dBu	23 dBµV	4 pW	-114 dBW	14.1 uV	39.9 uV
-83	-93.8 dBu	24 dBµV	5 pW	-113 dBW	15.9 uV	44.7 uV		S 9+10 dB
-82	-92.8 dBu	25 dBµV	6.3 pW	-112 dBW	17.8 uV	50 uV
-81	-91.8 dBu	26 dBµV	7.9 pW	-111 dBW	19.9 uV	56.3 uV
-80	-90.8 dBu	27 dBµV	10 pW	-110 dBW	22.4 uV	63.2 uV
-79	-89.8 dBu	28 dBµV	12 pW	-109 dBW	25 uV	7.08 uV	S 8
-78	-88.8 dBu	29 dBµV	16 pW	-108 dBW	28.1 uV	79.6 uV
-77	-87.8 dBu	30 dBµV	20 pW	-107 dBW	31.5 uV	89.3 uV
-76	-86.8 dBu	31 dBµV	25 pW	-106 dBW	35.4 uV	0.1 mV
-75	-85.8 dBu	32 dBµV	31 pW	-105 dBW	39.7 uV	0.112 mV
-74	-84.8 dBu	33 dBµV	40 pW	-104 dBW	44.6 uV	0.126 mV
-73	-83.8 dBu	34 dBµV	50 pW	-103 dBW	50 uV	0.141 mV	S 9	S 9+20 dB
-72	-82.8 dBu	35 dBµV	63 pW	-102 dBW	56 uV	0.159 mV
-71	-81.8 dBu	36 dBµV	79 pW	-101 dBW	63 uV	0.178 mV
-70	-80.8 dBu	37 dBµV	0.1 nW	-100 dBW	70.8 uV	0.2 mV
-69	-79.8 dBu	38 dBµV	0.12 nW	-99 dBW	79.3 uV	0.224 mV
-68	-78.8 dBu	39 dBµV	0.16 nW	-98 dBW	89 uV	0.251 mV
-67	-77.8 dBu	40 dBµV	0.2 nW	-97 dBW	99.8 uV	0.282 mV
-66	-76.8 dBu	41 dBµV	0.25 nW	-96 dBW	0.12 mV	0.317 mV
-65	-75.8 dBu	42 dBµV	0.31 nW	-95 dBW	0.126 mV	0.356 mV
-64	-74.8 dBu	43 dBµV	0.4 nW	-94 dBW	0.141 mV	0.399 mV
-63	-73.8 dBu	44 dBµV	0.5 nW	-93 dBW	0.16 mV	0.447 mV	S 9+10 dB	S 9+30 dB
-62	-72.8 dBu	45 dBµV	0.63 nW	-92 dBW	0.178 mV	0.5 mV
-61	-71.8 dBu	46 dBµV	0.79 nW	-91 dBW	0.199 mV	0.563 mV
-60	-70.8 dBu	47 dBµV	1 nW	-90 dBW	0.224 mV	0.63 mV
-59	-69.8 dBu	48 dBµV	1.2 nW	-89 dBW	0.25 mV	0.708 mV
-58	-68.8 dBu	49 dBµV	1.6 nW	-88 dBW	0.281 mV	0.796 mV
-57	-67.8 dBu	50 dBµV	2 nW	-87 dBW	0.315 mV	0.893 mV
-56	-66.8 dBu	51 dBµV	2.5 nW	-86 dBW	0.354 mV	1 mV
-55	-65.8 dBu	52 dBµV	3.1 nW	-85 dBW	0.397 mV	1.12 mV
-54	-64.8 dBu	53 dBµV	4 nW	-84 dBW	0.446 mV	1.26 mV
-53	-63.8 dBu	54 dBµV	5 nW	-83 dBW	0.5 mV	1.41 mV	S 9+20 dB	S 9+40 dB
-52	-62.8 dBu	55 dBµV	6.3 nW	-82 dBW	0.56 mV	1.59 mV
-51	-61.8 dBu	56 dBµV	7.9 nW	-81 dBW	0.63 mV	1.78 mV
-50	-60.8 dBu	57 dBµV	10 nW	-80 dBW	0.707 mV	2 mV
-49	-59.8 dBu	58 dBµV	12 nW	-79 dBW	0.793 mV	2.24 mV
-48	-58.8 dBu	59 dBµV	16 nW	-78 dBW	0.89 mV	2.51 mV
-47	-57.8 dBu	60 dBµV	20 nW	-77 dBW	0.998 mV	2.82 mV
-46	-56.8 dBu	61 dBµV	25 nW	-76 dBW	1.2 mV	3.17 mV
-45	-55.8 dBu	62 dBµV	31 nW	-75 dBW	1.26 mV	3.56 mV
-44	-54.8 dBu	63 dBµV	40 nW	-74 dBW	1.41 mV	3.99 mV
-43	-53.8 dBu	64 dBµV	50 nW	-73 dBW	1.6 mV	4.47 mV	S 9+30 dB	S 9+50 dB
-42	-52.8 dBu	65 dBµV	63 nW	-72 dBW	1.78 mV	5 mV
-41	-51.8 dBu	66 dBµV	79 nW	-71 dBW	1.99 mV	5.63 mV
-40	-50.8 dBu	67 dBµV	0.1 uW	-70 dBW	2.24 mV	6.3 mV
-39	-49.8 dBu	68 dBµV	0.12 uW	-69 dBW	2.5 mV	7.08 mV
-38	-48.8 dBu	69 dBµV	0.16 uW	-68 dBW	2.81 mV	7.96 mV
-37	-47.8 dBu	70 dBµV	0.2 uW	-67 dBW	3.15 mV	8.93 mV
-36	-46.8 dBu	71 dBµV	0.25 uW	-66 dBW	3.54 mV	10 mV
-35	-45.8 dBu	72 dBµV	0.31 uW	-65 dBW	3.97 mV	11.2 mV
-34	-44.8 dBu	73 dBµV	0.4 uW	-64 dBW	4.46 mV	12.6 mV
-33	-43.8 dBu	74 dBµV	0.5 uW	-63 dBW	5 mV	14.1 mV	S 9+40 dB	S 9+60 dB
-32	-42.8 dBu	75 dBµV	0.63 uW	-62 dBW	5.6 mV	15.9 mV
-31	-41.8 dBu	76 dBµV	0.79 uW	-61 dBW	6.3 mV	17.8 mV
-30	-40.8 dBu	77 dBµV	1 uW	-60 dBW	7.06 mV	19.9 mV
-29	-39.8 dBu	78 dBµV	1.2 uW	-59 dBW	7.9 mV	22.4 mV
-28	-38.8 dBu	79 dBµV	1.6 uW	-58 dBW	8.9 mV	25.1 mV
-27	-37.8 dBu	80 dBµV	2 uW	-57 dBW	9.98 mV	28.2 mV
-26	-36.8 dBu	81 dBµV	2.5 uW	-56 dBW	12 mV	31.7 mV
-25	-35.8 dBu	82 dBµV	3.1 uW	-55 dBW	12.6 mV	35.6 mV
-24	-34.8 dBu	83 dBµV	4 uW	-54 dBW	14.1 mV	39.9 mV
-23	-33.8 dBu	84 dBµV	5 uW	-53 dBW	16 mV	44.7 mV	S 9+50 dB
-22	-32.8 dBu	85 dBµV	6.3 uW	-52 dBW	17.8 mV	50 mV
-21	-31.8 dBu	86 dBµV	7.9 uW	-51 dBW	19.9 mV	56.3 mV
-20	-30.8 dBu	87 dBµV	10 uW	-50 dBW	22.4 mV	63 mV
-19	-29.8 dBu	88 dBµV	12 uW	-49 dBW	25 mV	70.8 mV
-18	-28.8 dBu	89 dBµV	16 uW	-48 dBW	28.1 mV	79.6 mV
-17	-27.8 dBu	90 dBµV	20 uW	-47 dBW	31.5 mV	89.3 mV
-16	-26.8 dBu	91 dBµV	25 uW	-46 dBW	35.4 mV	0.1
-15	-25.8 dBu	92 dBµV	31 uW	-45 dBW	39.7 mV	0.112
-14	-24.8 dBu	93 dBµV	40 uW	-44 dBW	44.6 mV	0.126
-13	-23.8 dBu	94 dBµV	50 uW	-43 dBW	50 mV	0.141	S 9+60 dB
-12	-22.8 dBu	95 dBµV	63 uW	-42 dBW	56 mV	0.159
-11	-21.8 dBu	96 dBµV	79 uW	-41 dBW	63 mV	0.178
-10	-20.8 dBu	97 dBµV	0.1 mW	-40 dBW	70.7 mV	0.2
-9	-19.8 dBu	98 dBµV	0.12 mW	-39 dBW	79.3 mV	0.224
-8	-18.8 dBu	99 dBµV	0.16 mW	-38 dBW	89 mV	0.251
-7	-17.8 dBu	100 dBµV	0.2 mW	-37 dBW	99.8 mV	0.282
-6	-16.8 dBu	101 dBµV	0.25 mW	-36 dBW	0.120	0.317
-5	-15.8 dBu	102 dBµV	0.31 mW	-35 dBW	0.126	0.356
-4	-14.8 dBu	103 dBµV	0.4 mW	-34 dBW	0.141	0.399
-3	-13.8 dBu	104 dBµV	0.5 mW	-33 dBW	0.158	0.447
-2	-12.8 dBu	105 dBµV	0.63 mW	-32 dBW	0.178	0.502
-1	-11.8 dBu	106 dBµV	0.79 mW	-31 dBW	0.199	0.563
0	-10.8 dBu	107 dBµV	1 mW	-30 dBW	0.224	0.632
1	-9.8 dBu	108 dBµV	1.25 mW	-29 dBW	0.250	0.708
2	-8.8 dBu	109 dBµV	1.58 mW	-28 dBW	0.281	0.796
3	-7.8 dBu	110 dBµV	1.99 mW	-27 dBW	0.315	0.893
4	-6.8 dBu	111 dBµV	2.51 mW	-26 dBW	0.354	1.002
5	-5.8 dBu	112 dBµV	3.16 mW	-25 dBW	0.397	1.124
6	-4.8 dBu	113 dBµV	3.98 mW	-24 dBW	0.446	1.261
7	-3.8 dBu	114 dBµV	5.01 mW	-23 dBW	0.500	1.415
8	-2.8 dBu	115 dBµV	6.3 mW	-22 dBW	0.561	1.588
9	-1.8 dBu	116 dBµV	7.94 mW	-21 dBW	0.630	1.782
10	-0.8 dBu	117 dBµV	10 mW	-20 dBW	0.707	2.000
11	0.2 dBu	118 dBµV	12.58 mW	-19 dBW	0.793	2.244
12	1.2 dBu	119 dBµV	15.84 mW	-18 dBW	0.890	2.517
13	2.2 dBu	120 dBµV	19.95 mW	-17 dBW	0.998	2.825
14	3.2 dBu	121 dBµV	25.11 mW	-16 dBW	1.120	3.169
15	4.2 dBu	122 dBµV	31.62 mW	-15 dBW	1.257	3.556
16	5.2 dBu	123 dBµV	39.81 mW	-14 dBW	1.410	3.990
17	6.2 dBu	124 dBµV	50.11 mW	-13 dBW	1.583	4.477
18	7.2 dBu	125 dBµV	63.09 mW	-12 dBW	1.776	5.023
19	8.2 dBu	126 dBµV	79.43 mW	-11 dBW	1.992	5.636
20	9.2 dBu	127 dBµV	100 mW	-10 dBW	2.236	6.324
21	10.2 dBu	128 dBµV	125.8 mW	-9 dBW	2.508	7.096
22	11.2 dBu	129 dBµV	158.5 mW	-8 dBW	2.815	7.962
23	12.2 dBu	130 dBµV	199.5 mW	-7 dBW	3.158	8.933
24	13.2 dBu	131 dBµV	251.2 mW	-6 dBW	3.543	10.023
25	14.2 dBu	132 dBµV	316.2 mW	-5 dBW	3.976	11.246
26	15.2 dBu	133 dBµV	398.1 mW	-4 dBW	4.461	12.619
27	16.2 dBu	134 dBµV	501.2 mW	-3 dBW	5.005	14.158
28	17.2 dBu	135 dBµV	630.9 mW	-2 dBW	5.616	15.886
29	18.2 dBu	136 dBµV	794.3 mW	-1 dBW	6.302	17.825
30	19.2 dBu	137 dBµV	1 W	0 dBW	7.071	20.000
31	20.2 dBu	138 dBµV	1.25 W	1 dBW	7.933	22.440
32	21.2 dBu	139 dBµV	1.58 W	2 dBW	8.901	25.178
33	22.2 dBu	140 dBµV	1.99 W	3 dBW	9.988	28.250
34	23.2 dBu	141 dBµV	2.51 W	4 dBW	11.206	31.697
35	24.2 dBu	142 dBµV	3.16 W	5 dBW	12.574	35.565
36	25.2 dBu	143 dBµV	3.98 W	6 dBW	14.108	39.905
37	26.2 dBu	144 dBµV	5.01 W	7 dBW	15.830	44.774
38	27.2 dBu	145 dBµV	6.31 W	8 dBW	17.761	50.237
39	28.2 dBu	146 dBµV	7.94 W	9 dBW	19.928	56.367
40	29.2 dBu	147 dBµV	10 W	10 dBW	22.360	63.245
41	30.2 dBu	148 dBµV	12.58 W	11 dBW	25.089	70.962
42	31.2 dBu	149 dBµV	15.84 W	12 dBW	28.150	79.621
43	32.2 dBu	150 dBµV	19.95 W	13 dBW	31.585	89.336
44	33.2 dBu	151 dBµV	25.12 W	14 dBW	35.439	100.23
45	34.2 dBu	152 dBµV	31.62 W	15 dBW	39.763	112.46
46	35.2 dBu	153 dBµV	39.81 W	16 dBW	44.615	126.19
47	36.2 dBu	154 dBµV	50.12 W	17 dBW	50.059	141.58
48	37.2 dBu	155 dBµV	63.09 W	18 dBW	56.167	158.86
49	38.2 dBu	156 dBµV	79.43 W	19 dBW	63.020	178.25
50	39.2 dBu	157 dBµV	100 W	20 dBW	70.710	200.00
51	40.2 dBu	158 dBµV	125.9 W	21 dBW	79.338	224.40
52	41.2 dBu	159 dBµV	158.5 W	22 dBW	89.019	251.78
53	42.2 dBu	160 dBµV	199.5 W	23 dBW	99.881	282.50
54	43.2 dBu	161 dBµV	251.2 W	24 dBW	112.06	316.97
55	44.2 dBu	162 dBµV	316.2 W	25 dBW	125.74	355.65
56	45.2 dBu	163 dBµV	398.1 W	26 dBW	141.08	399.05
57	46.2 dBu	164 dBµV	501.2 W	27 dBW	158.30	447.74
58	47.2 dBu	165 dBµV	630.9 W	28 dBW	177.61	502.37
59	48.2 dBu	166 dBµV	794.3 W	29 dBW	199.28	563.67
60	49.2 dBu	167 dBµV	1000 W	30 dBW	223.60	632.45
61	50.2 dBu	168 dBµV	1259 W	31 dBW	250.89	709.62
62	51.2 dBu	169 dBµV	1585 W	32 dBW	281.50	796.21
63	52.2 dBu	170 dBµV	1995 W	33 dBW	315.85	893.36
64	53.2 dBu	171 dBµV	2512 W	34 dBW	354.39	1002.37
65	54.2 dBu	172 dBµV	3162 W	35 dBW	397.63	1124.68
66	55.2 dBu	173 dBµV	3981 W	36 dBW	446.15	1261.91
67	56.2 dBu	174 dBµV	5012 W	37 dBW	500.59	1415.89
68	57.2 dBu	175 dBµV	6309 W	38 dBW	561.67	1588.65
69	58.2 dBu	176 dBµV	7943 W	39 dBW	630.20	1782.50
70	59.2 dBu	177 dBµV	10000 W	40 dBW	707.10	2000.00

Please note that some numbers have been slightly rounded.

Return loss and VSWR cross reference.

VSWR measure the standing waves in a feeder as a result of mismatch.
Return loss looks at the power absorbed by a load, giving the difference
between the incident power and the reflected.

Return loss in dB	VSWR	Voltage reflection coefficient
1	17.4	0.891
2	8.72	0.794
3	5.85	0.708
4	4.42	0.631
5	3.57	0.562
6	3.01	0.501
7	2.62	0.447
8	2.32	0.398
9	2.10	0.355
10	1.92	0.316
11	1.78	0.282
12	1.67	0.251
13	1.58	0.224
14	1.50	0.200
15	1.43	0.178
16	1.38	0.158
17	1.33	0.141
18	1.29	0.126
19	1.25	0.112
20	1.22	0.100
21	1.20	0.089
22	1.17	0.079
23	1.15	0.071
24	1.14	0.063
25	1.12	0.056
26	1.11	0.050
27	1.09	0.045
28	1.08	0.040
29	1.07	0.035
30	1.06	0.032